The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.